The Deterioration of Feathers

How can feathers get damaged?

• Feathers, despite being exposed to the elements during the bird’s life, are surprisingly delicate as an art material. Their main component, proteins, makes them prone to various forms of damage from environmental factors.
• Dirt and grime, insects, physical stress, light exposure (especially UV), pH levels, and changes in temperature and humidity are the main culprits. Interestingly, changes in temperature and humidity can exacerbate other forms of deterioration, acting as catalysts for damage.
• Feathers are fragile, making careful handling essential to prevent damage to their intricate structures. Even minor mishandling can result in bent or broken parts, affecting the feather's appearance and integrity.
• Direct exposure to light, especially UV rays, can break down the molecular bonds in feathers, leading to fading, yellowing, and brittleness over time.

• Dirt and dust might not seem like much, but they can embed themselves within the feather's structure, attracting moisture and accelerating decay. Attempts to clean feathers can inadvertently cause tears or abrasions.
• Insect infestations, particularly by moths and dermestid beetles attracted to the sulfur in feathers, can leave visible damage like missing sections or surface grazing.

What is the best way to keep feather objects safe and in good shape?

• Creating the optimal environment for feather preservation involves maintaining stable pH levels, avoiding acidic or alkaline materials, and controlling temperature and humidity.
• Acidic conditions weaken the feather's structure, while changes in humidity can cause brittleness or molecular breakdown.
• Regular monitoring for signs of damage, pests, or environmental changes is crucial for long-term preservation. Museums often employ specialized devices to track environmental conditions, but at home, vigilant observation and note-taking can help prevent significant damage.