Urban Renewal or Urban Removal: A Case Study from Lockport, NY, 1954-1974

Urban Renewal in Lockport, NY, Part 1: Setting the Stage, 1949 - 1961

By studying the timeline, what national events and/or societal shifts in the post-WWII era may have influenced the urban renewal movement in US cities? Using the inverted pyramid model of listing most important to least important, place the national events in order of significance. Separately, explain how events in Lockport NY paralleled those happening nationally? Urban Renewal in the United States had it roots in the industrialization boom and the migration of disenfranchised populations from the South to the cities of the North in post-World War II America. Affordable automobiles, the Interstate Highway Act of 1956, and the growth of shopping plazas/malls, adversely affected local stores in large cities. These circumstances were paralleled in Lockport NY and other cities in the federal push for Urban Renewal beginning in the 1950s.

1940 CE - 1960 CE
Population of city of Lockport increased by 8% from 1940 to 1960 while the town of Lockport population increased by 52% in the same period
1946 CE - 1960 CE
Following World War II, the # of autos in U.S. rose from 1946 (28,217) to 1960 (61,6829) allowing people to move and shop away from the city
July 15, 1949 CE
President Harry S. Truman signed the American Housing Act of 1949

1949 CE

August 2, 1954 CE
The Housing Act of 1954 expanded the slum clearance & redevelopment program with assistance for rehabilitation & conservation of housing
June 29, 1956 CE
President Dwight Eisenhower signed the Federal Aid Highway Act authorizing $25 billion to construct 41,000 mi. of Interstate Hwys in 10 yrs.

Southdale, the first suburban shopping mall in the U.S. opened in Edina, Minnesota,

1952 CE

1957 CE

1960 CE

1961 CE - 1968 CE
Jane Jacobs of Greenwich Village in New York City, led protests of plans to raze the neighborhood for apartment buildings & an Expressway

1961 CE