History Colorado

Step In, Step Out, Step Back protocol show above.

Engagement 2: Step In, Step Out, Step Back

Explore how Colorado has changed from the 1600s to today. What factors impact the way that different cultural groups interact with one another? Do these change over time?

Maps of Colorado (1600-Today)

What impact does war have on public policy? What impact does war have on the relationships between cultural groups?

The Mexican-American War

What are the lasting impacts of war on the people and their perspectives?

Lasting Impacts

Read the dilemma, then answer the following question. When you're done, it will be time to discuss with your group (next activity).

Engagement 3: Take a Stand (Independent)

Discuss with your group and record their ideas.

Engagement 3: Take a Stand (Group)

Record anything you may be thinking now, then rejoin your group for the last question.

Engagement 3: Take a Stand (Independent & Group)

Identify the lasting impacts of the people of the Borderlands on Colorado to escape the room.

The clues spell out the name of a Spanish town in Colorado. What does the word mean in English? Tell your teacher when you escape the room!

BONUS: Escape Room!

Think about the timeline and the maps that you just explored, as well as the guiding question;  What factors impact the way that different cultural groups interact with one another? Do these change over time?

Go through the slides and complete each step.


Engagement 1: Color, Symbol, Image

The territory Mexico lost to the United States after the war has a unique culture and history. This region - historians call it "the Borderlands" - has been claimed by multiple American Indian tribes as well as France, Spain, Mexico, and the United States. Explore the timeline to understand why.

Timeline of Events

The town of San Luis is the longest continually-inhabited non-indigenous or non-native settlement in Colorado, meaning people have lived there since the town was first settled in 1851. San Luis was part of the New Mexico territory until Colorado became a territory in 1861. The Hispanics who founded the town of San Luis came from New Mexico and spoke Spanish. They moved into the valley to farm and to raise sheep and other animals. What are the lasting impacts of war on the people and their perspectives?

Colorado's Oldest Town: San Luis

Welcome to the Borderlands of Southern Colorado, an ancient crossroads. They have a violent history of conquest and enslavement, but also traditions of beauty and diversity. A place where Indigenous cultures blend with Spanish, Mexican, and American traditions to create a unique identity unlike any other in the world. This identity lives within the people of the Borderlands, and it goes with them wherever they move. Borderlands people don’t stay still. By choice, by force, or by necessity, they have moved a lot. They are mobile people who have lived beyond boundaries and between languages. They are people who live "sin fronteras" - without borders.

Guiding Questions;
1. What factors impact the ways that different cultural groups interact with one another? Do these change over time?
2. What impact does war have on public policy? What impact does war have on the relationships between cultural groups?
3. What are the lasting impacts of war on the people and their perspectives?


Colorado Borderlands

Civics and Government

Social Studies

Geography

U.S. History

When Colorado’s constitution was written in 1876, it was published in both Spanish and English. This acknowledges the fact that much of Colorado was once part of Mexico and, at the same time, shows the influence of early Hispanic legislators from places like San Luis in the creation of our constitution.

Casimiro Barela was born in 1847 and moved to Trinidad, Colorado in 1867. He published newspapers and raised sheep, cattle, and horses. He was elected justice of the peace in Trinidad when he was just twenty-two. He later served as county assessor, territory representative, and county sheriff for Las Animas. In 1875, Barela helped to write Colorado’s State Constitution. He fought to ensure that the constitution was published in English, Spanish, and German, making him a hero to many. He became a senator in 1876. In office, he supported women’s right to vote, pushed for New Mexico statehood, and made Columbus Day a holiday in 1907.

Which of these names are Spanish? Do you know what they mean? Continue through the slideshow to find out.

A color postcard of Boulder, Colorado, with flatiron mountains in the background, white border.

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Beautiful Boulder, Colo.

A color postcard showing an aerial view of the Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Aurora, Colorado.

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Fitzsimons Army Hospital

A color postcard showing a panorama of Salida Colorado. Rounded corners.
Printed on back, top left corner:" Panorama of Salida, Colorado. On the Arkansas river on U.S. Highways 285 and 50.

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Panorama of Salida, Colorado

Pueblo means “village” or “people” in Spanish.

View of a busy Main Street in Pueblo (Pueblo County), Colorado. Shows pedestrians, parked cars and trolley car (number "74," Streetline: "Fairmount Park"). A banner on the trolley reads: "All of a Sudden Earnest, Centennial Auditorium, April 19th." Signs on buildings read: "Women's Ready To Wear The Unique Sam Moch," "Hotel Hot and Cold running water in every room," "The Grand Movies," "Western U[nion] Telegr[aph] and Ca[ble] Of[fice]," "The Hext Music Co." "Spoors Smokehouse Billiards," "The Ray Moch [C]lothing Co."

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Main Street, Pueblo

Alamosa means “cottonwood” in Spanish.

A postcard with an aerial view of Alamosa, Colorado.

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Alamosa

Mesa Verde means “green table” in Spanish.

Copy print depicting Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde National Park in 1908. Image was photographed by an unidentified photographer during a packhorse trip made by James S. James and honeymooners Mr. and Mrs. Townsend.

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Cliff Palace 1908

Rio Grande means “large river” in Spanish.

circa, 1882-1900, The date of this photograph was determined when it was digitized and cataloged between the years 1994-1997 as part of the PhotosWest: Western History Imaging Project coordinated by the Denver Public Library. This project was funded through a three-year grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Boettcher Foundation.

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Wagon Wheel Gap below THT Station

Sangre de Cristo means “blood of christ” in Spanish.

View of the Sangre de Cristo mountain range, clouds, and Poncha Pass in Chaffee County, Colorado. A lake is nearby.

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Sangre de Cristo Mountains from Poncha Pass

Today, Spanish is the second most common language spoken in Colorado.

Resource Kits

Object Library

Museums

Colorado Borderlands

Lasting Impacts

Colorado Constitution