Social Reform in the 1900s

Before the 20th century, horse racing was a key part of American culture, dating back to the colonial era. The first U.S. racetrack opened in 1665 in Long Island, New York, and racing quickly became popular among the colonial elite. By the 19th century, races like the Kentucky Derby (first held in 1875) had become iconic. The sport was not only a form of entertainment but also a significant social activity, attracting both the wealthy and the working class. Betting on these races became common, with wagers placed on horses to win, place, or show, leading to the development of a thriving gambling culture that was tightly interwoven with the sport itself. Horse racing helped fuel the American fascination with competition, breeding, and the emerging horse industry, contributing to the nation's growing interest in sports as both a spectacle and a form of leisure. As you go through this activity, notice how horse racing affects and is affected by American cultural and political movements.

On-Track Betting

At the start of the 20th century, bookmakers and pool wagering at the track were prominent. Individuals could place various types of bets on specific horses, including win, place, or show bets (first-, second-, and third-place finish, respectively).

Pictured: Women betting on horse racing via messenger boys (credit: New York State Archives)